University of Haifa researchers have uncovered a Greek mosaic inscription bearing the unusual blessing, “Peace be with the elders,” during archaeological excavations in Hippos (Sussita National Park) near the Sea of Galilee. The inscription, dated to the late fourth or, at the latest, early fifth century C.E., likely points to the existence of the oldest known nursing home discovered in an archaeological excavation.

Not a modern idea

“This is living proof that care and concern for the elderly are not just a modern idea, but were part of social institutions and concepts as far back as about 1,600 years ago,” said Michael Eisenberg of the Zinman Institute of Archaeology and the Department of Archaeology at the University of Haifa, and co-director of the excavation project.

The ancient city remains on Mt. Sussita overlooking the Sea of Galilee. Photo courtesy of Michael Eisenberg.

The research team analyzed the Greek inscription linguistically, stylistically, and contextually, comparing it to historical sources from the Byzantine period that mention institutions for the elderly. They also examined iconographic depictions around the inscription, including Egyptian geese, cypress trees, fruits and vessels.

While such institutions are known from fifth- and sixth-century written sources, this is the first time physical evidence has been found directly linking to this type of activity.

Birds drink from a chalice depicted on the mosaic. Photo courtesy of Michael Eisenberg.